Degrees of obesity and their impact on health

Obesity is measured using the Body Mass Index (BMI). There are three degrees of obesity:

• Overweight (BMI 25–29.9) – the first warning sign that may lead to further health complications.
• Obesity Class I (BMI 30–34.9) – increases the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, and atherosclerosis.
• Obesity Class II (BMI 35–39.9) – significantly disrupts metabolism and often leads to heart and vascular diseases.
• Obesity Class III (BMI 40 and above) – referred to as morbid obesity, it is associated with an extremely high risk of premature death.

"The higher the degree of obesity, the greater the likelihood of developing serious health complications," warn doctors.

How can obesity be treated?

Treating obesity requires a comprehensive approach, including lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and regular physical activity. The foundation is an individualized plan that helps patients gradually lose weight without the yo-yo effect. In some cases, pharmacological treatment or bariatric surgery, such as gastric bypass, may be necessary. Patients with severe obesity often require expert support not only in nutrition but also psychological counseling, as lifestyle changes can be challenging.

Health starts with prevention

The most effective weapon against obesity is prevention. The key factor is maintaining a healthy lifestyle in the long term and taking regular care of one's body. The most important steps include:

• Balanced Diet – A proper diet should include sufficient protein, fiber, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates. Consumption of highly processed foods, sugary drinks, and excessive salt should be limited. "The key to healthy eating is not a radical diet but gradual changes that can be sustained in the long run."
• Regular Physical Activity – The World Health Organization recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. A combination of aerobic exercise (walking, running, swimming) and strength training is ideal for maintaining muscle mass.
• Adequate Sleep – Quality and sufficient sleep (at least 7–9 hours per night) is essential for metabolism regulation and hormonal balance. Lack of sleep can lead to increased appetite and weight gain.
• Stress Management – Chronic stress causes excessive production of cortisol, a hormone that promotes fat storage, especially in the abdominal area. Techniques such as meditation, yoga, or regular relaxation can help manage stress.
• Regular Medical Check-Ups – Routine consultations with a doctor or nutrition specialist allow for early detection of problems and effective solutions. "People often underestimate the importance of preventive check-ups, yet early diagnosis can significantly improve treatment outcomes."

Obesity is a serious disease that can be prevented with a proper diet and regular exercise. Early prevention and, if necessary, professional treatment can greatly improve both the quality and length of life.