How do allergies manifest?

The symptoms of allergies can vary based on their type and severity. Common symptoms include:

• Itching, redness, and skin rash
• Sneezing, nasal congestion, and watery nasal discharge
• Redness and a burning sensation in the eyes, or conjunctivitis
• Breathing difficulties, which in severe cases can lead to anaphylactic shock, a life-threatening condition

Types of allergies

 Allergies can be classified according to how allergens affect us. The most common types include:

• Inhalation allergies: Triggered by pollen, dust mites, or animal allergens
• Food allergies: Caused by consuming certain foods, such as nuts or dairy products
• Drug allergies: Adverse reactions to specific medications
• Insect sting allergies: Reactions to venom from bee or wasp stings

Seasonal Allergies

Seasonal allergies, particularly those triggered by pollen, are among the most common. Symptoms may include hay fever and conjunctivitis and typically begin in spring, lasting into autumn.

Autumn allergies

Allergies are not limited to spring and summer months. In autumn, molds become prevalent, often causing itchy and watery eyes, nasal congestion, and sneezing. Atypical symptoms may also occur, such as temporary loss of smell, headaches, ear congestion, or general fatigue. The autumn and winter seasons also see an increase in flu viruses. If left untreated, the flu can develop into bronchitis or pneumonia, with symptoms including fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, chills, fever, cough, and sore throat. Cold weather can further contribute to the spread of viruses and bacteria that cause acute bronchitis, often following colds, tonsillitis, or the flu. Symptoms of bronchitis include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and throat pain. Norovirus is another challenge during autumn and winter. This highly contagious virus, which leads to stomach inflammation, spreads through contact with infected individuals or contaminated food, causing diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Ear infections also become more common in autumn, often due to allergies, colds, or the flu. They are particularly prevalent in children and present as ear pain, hearing loss, and sometimes vomiting or dizziness.

Diagnosis brings certainty

The most effective way to prevent allergies is to minimize contact with allergens, although this isn’t always possible. Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of the allergy, and medication may be necessary. Allergy diagnosis typically involves a "prick test" at allergology clinics. This skin test applies drops of common allergens to the forearm and evaluates the skin's reactions to determine sensitivity to specific substances. A healthy lifestyle is essential for the immune system to function correctly. Like any other organ, the immune system requires proper nutrition and regular activity. This includes not smoking, maintaining a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, exercising regularly, keeping a healthy weight, consuming alcohol in moderation, getting adequate sleep, practicing good hygiene, fostering a positive mindset, and managing stress. Even small improvements in these areas can significantly enhance the body's resilience.